Proteins involved in PKC signaling pathways Chemical Reagents for PKC research    
  PKC kinases    PKC activators   PKC chromosomal Location
  PKC phosphatases   PKC inhibitors   PKC structure
  PKC interacting proteins        PKC transgenic mice
  PKC substrates       PKC knockout mice
PKC substrates    
Substrates Year Title Web link
14-3-3gamma 1999 14-3-3Gamma interacts with and is phosphorylated by multiple protein kinase C isoforms in PDGF-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10433554 
5-HT2A receptors  2002 Internalization and recycling of 5-HT2A receptors activated by serotonin and protein kinase C-mediated mechanisms. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12388782
Adducin 1998 Adducin is an in vivo substrate for protein kinase C: phosphorylation in the MARCKS-related domain inhibits activity in promoting spectrin-actin complexes and occurs in many cells, including dendritic spines of neurons. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9679146 
alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor subunits 2009 Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A and protein kinase C phosphorylate alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor subunits at distinct stages of receptor formation and maturation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19101612
Apoprotein A-1 1991 Apoprotein A-1 is a cofactor independent substrate of protein kinase C. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1909124 
Bcl-2 2009 PKC delta signaling: a dual role in regulating hypoxic stress-induced autophagy and apoptosis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19098423
CAK 2002 Human glioma PKC-iota and PKC-betaII phosphorylate cyclin-dependent kinase activating kinase during the cell cycle. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11856176
Caldesmon77, Vimentin 1992 Protein kinase C phosphorylates caldesmon77 and vimentin and enhances albumin permeability across cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1522136 
CaM-kinase 1993 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is phosphorylated by protein kinase C in vitro http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8384482 
Cbl-b 2009 PKC-theta modulates the strength of T cell responses by targeting Cbl-b for ubiquitination and degradation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19549985
CD34 antigen 1990 Activated protein kinase C directly phosphorylates the CD34 antigen on hematopoietic cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1283964 
CD34 antigen 1992 Activated protein kinase C directly phosphorylates the CD34 antigen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1694174 
CD8 alpha 1990 Murine T-cell differentiation antigen CD8 is a direct substrate of protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2115328 
Centaurin-alpha(1) 2003 Centaurin-alpha(1) associates with and is phosphorylated by isoforms of protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12893243
c-FLIP 2009 PKC-mediated phosphorylation regulates c-FLIP ubiquitylation and stability. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19343040
Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) 2004 Protein kinase C isoforms differentially phosphorylate human choline acetyltransferase regulating its catalytic activity http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15381704
Chromatin-associated proteins 1992 Importance of substrate conformation in the phosphorylation of chromatin-associated proteins by exogenous protein kinase C. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1616821 
Clone 72 1999 Developmental expression of the protein kinase C substrate/binding protein (clone 72/SSeCKS) in rat testis identification as a scaffolding protein containing an A-kinase-anchoring domain which is expressed during late-stage spermatogenesis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10469144 
CREB 2009 Morphine withdrawal regulates phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) through PKC in the nucleus tractus solitarius-A2 catecholaminergic neurons. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19545278
CYP3A4 2009 A Role for Protein Phosphorylation in Cytochrome P450 3A4 Ubiquitin-dependent Proteasomal Degradation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095658
Cytokeratins 8 and18 (CK8, CK18) 1992 PKC epsilon-related kinase associates with and phosphorylates cytokeratin 8 and 18 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1374067 
DAG kinase 1993 Diacylglycerol kinase is phosphorylated in vivo upon stimulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and serine/threonine kinases, including protein kinase C-epsilon http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7679574 
DAG kinase (DGK) zeta 2003 Protein kinase C alpha phosphorylates and negatively regulates diacylglycerol kinase zeta http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890670
Deoxyhypusine synthase 2002 Deoxyhypusine synthase is phosphorylated by protein kinase C in vivo as well as in vitro http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12526092
DNA topoisomerase I 1989 Protein kinase C phosphorylates DNA topoisomerase I http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2557245 
DNA topoisomerase I 2003 Pea DNA topoisomerase I is phosphorylated and stimulated by casein kinase 2 and protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12913165
EBV membrane receptor (CR2) 1993 EBV membrane receptor (CR2) is phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC) in the early stages of virus entry into lymphoblastoid cells line (Raji) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7694579 
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase 2009 Phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by atypical PKC zeta contributes to angiopoietin-1-dependent inhibition of VEGF-induced endothelial permeability in vitro. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19564638
eNOS 2009 Homocysteine decreases platelet NO level via protein kinase C activation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19100855
EWS 1997 The prooncoprotein EWS binds calmodulin and is phosphorylated by protein kinase C through an IQ domain http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9341188 
Filamin A 2003 The F-actin cross-linking and focal adhesion protein filamin A is a ligand and in vivo substrate for protein kinase C alpha http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12704190
FMIP 2004 The M-CSF receptor substrate and interacting protein FMIP is governed in its subcellular localization by protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation, and thereby potentiates M-CSF-mediated differentiation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15221008
FOS 1991 Fos is phosphorylated by p34cdc2, cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C at multiple sites clustered within regulatory regions http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1766667 
GABA(A) receptor beta  2002 Receptor for activated C kinase-1 facilitates protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation and functional modulation of GABA(A) receptors with the activation of G-protein-coupled receptors http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12151513
GABAA-R 1993 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinase C phosphorylate a synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence that is specific for the gamma 2L subunit of the GABAA receptor http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8390566 
GABAA-R 1993 Phosphorylation of the GABAA receptor by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and by protein kinase C: analysis of the substrate domain http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8385279 
GAP 1993 Protein kinase C forms a complex with and phosphorylates the GTPase activating protein GAP: phosphorylation by PKC is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation of GAP and/or a GAP-associated protein http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7687440 
GAP-43 1995 Protein kinase C substrates in corneal epithelium during wound healing: the phosphorylation of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8549686 
GAP-43 2009 Electroconvulsive seizure increases phosphorylation of PKC substrates, including GAP-43, MARCKS, and neurogranin, in rat brain. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19837121
GBPI 2004 GBPI, a novel gastrointestinal- and brain-specific PP1-inhibitory protein, is activated by PKC and inactivated by PKA http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12974676
Glutamate receptor 5a (mGluR5a)  2004 Isoform-specific phosphorylation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 by protein kinase C (PKC) blocks Ca2+ oscillation and oscillatory translocation of Ca2+-dependent PKC http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14561742
GMF 1997 Protein kinase A (PKA)- and protein kinase C-phosphorylated glia maturation factor promotes the catalytic activity of PKA http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9030586 
hASIC1b 2009 Two PKC consensus sites on human acid-sensing ion channel 1b differentially regulate its function http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19091960
HCV(1487-1500) 2000 A synthetic peptide derived from the non-structural protein 3 of hepatitis C virus serves as a specific substrate for PKC http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722046
Heat shock protein 25 2005 HSP25 inhibits protein kinase C delta-mediated cell death through direct interaction http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731106 
Heat shock protein 27 2007 Inhibition of heat shock protein 27-mediated resistance to DNA damaging agents by a novel PKC delta-V5 heptapeptide http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17616692 
Heat-shock protein-25/28 1998 Heat-shock protein-25/27 phosphorylation by the delta isoform of protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9620873 
Hematoxylin-stainable protein (HSP) 1991 Identification of hematoxylin-stainable protein in epidermal keratohyalin granules as phosphorylated cystatin alpha by protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1715284 
Heme-modified CYP3A4 2001 Phosphorylation of native and heme-modified CYP3A4 by protein kinase C: a mass spectrometric characterization of the phosphorylated peptides.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11560479
Hepatitis B virus-X protein 2001 Phosphorylation of purified recombinant hepatitis B virus-X protein by mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase C in vitro. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11377708
hnRNPA1 1995 Identification of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1 as a novel substrate for protein kinase C zeta http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7541049 
IP(3)R 2004 Regulation of the phosphorylation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor by protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15184066
IRAK 2004 Regulation of interleukin receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) phosphorylation and signaling by iota protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684752
IRAP 2002 Protein kinase C-zeta phosphorylates insulin-responsive aminopeptidase in vitro at Ser-80 and Ser-91 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12061804
IRS-1 2001 Protein kinase C-zeta phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate-1 and impairs its ability to activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in response to insulin. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11063744
IRS-1 2004 In vitro phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 by protein kinase C-zeta: functional analysis and identification of novel phosphorylation sites http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15134463
IRS-1 2004 Protein kinase C (PKC) beta modulates serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)--effect of overexpression of PKCbeta on insulin signal transduction http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15473137
IRS-1 2004 Protein kinase C-zeta-induced phosphorylation of Ser318 in insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) attenuates the interaction with the insulin receptor and the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15069075
IRS-1  2004 Modulation of human insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation by protein kinase Cdelta http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14583092
JAM 2000 Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) is phosphorylated by protein kinase C upon platelet activation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11027562
KCIP-1  1992 Multiple isoforms of a protein kinase C inhibitor (KCIP-1/14-3-3) from sheep brain. Amino acid sequence of phosphorylated forms http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1317796 
KIBRA  2004 KIBRA is a novel substrate for protein kinase Czeta http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15081397
KP-10 1994 KP-10, a novel protein kinase C substrate in intact mouse epidermal cells, is phosphorylated by novel protein kinase C eta and/or zeta http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7818986 
LAT  2003 Modulation of the electrophoretic mobility of the linker for activation of T cells (LAT) by the calcineurin inhibitors CsA and FK506: LAT is a potential substrate for PKC and calcineurin signaling pathways http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12401523
Lipocortins 1990 Lipocortins are major substrates for protein kinase C in extracts of human neutrophils http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1692066 
MacMARCKS 1992 MacMARCKS, a novel member of the MARCKS family of protein kinase C substrates http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1516135 
MacMARCKS 2000 Protein kinase C-regulated dynamitin-macrophage-enriched myristoylated alanine-rice C kinase substrate interaction is involved in macrophage cell spreading http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10827182
MAPK 1993 PKC-mediated redistribution of mitogen-activated protein kinase during smooth muscle cell activation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8368270 
MAPK 1994 Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by protein kinases A and C in a cell-free system http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7929138 
MAPK 1995 Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by arachidonic acid in rat liver epithelial WB cells by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7876176 
MAPK 1995 Epidermal growth factor stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase by a PKC-dependent pathway in human keratinocytes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7534073 
MAPK 1995 Overexpression of epsilon-protein kinase C enhances nerve growth factor-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and neurite outgrowth http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8530420 
MAPK 1997 Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes by both a calcium- and a protein kinase C-dependent pathway http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9160823 
MAPK 1997 Antigen activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in mast cells through protein kinase C-dependent and independent pathways http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9144516 
MAPK 1997 CGP 41251 and tamoxifen selectively inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and c-Fos phosphoprotein induction by substance P in human astrocytoma cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9372245 
MAPK 1997 Growth hormone and phorbol esters require specific protein kinase C isoforms to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases in 3T3-F442A cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9164852 
MAPK 1998 Bombesin stimulates cholecystokinin secretion through mitogen-activated protein-kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms in the enteroendocrine STC-1 cell line http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9512470 
MAPK 1998 Involvement of tyrosine kinases, Ca2+ and PKC in activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9806988 
MAPK 1998 Mitogen-activated protein kinase is activated during IgG-mediated phagocytosis, but is not required for target ingestion http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9484651 
MAPK 1999 Mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in experimental diabete http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10203357 
MAPK 2001 Respiratory syncytial virus infection results in activation of multiple protein kinase C isoforms leading to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11160332
MAPK 2001 Differential activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and apoptosis by protein kinase C epsilon and delta in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701615
MAPK 2001 Glycated serum albumin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by protein kinase C.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11237743
MAPK 2001 Lovastatin blocks basic fibroblast growth factor-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in coronary smooth muscle cells via phosphatase inhibition http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11322384
MAPK 2001 Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase is regulated by protein kinase C, cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate, and protein phosphatase modulators during meiosis resumption in rat oocytes. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11319150
MAPK 2001 Protein kinase C mu selectively activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p42 pathway. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11248233
MAPK 2001 Stimulation of endothelin B receptors in astrocytes induces cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation and c-fos expression via multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11698596
MAPK 2002 Enhancement of anchorage-independent growth of human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 cells by signaling from protein kinase C to mitogen-activated protein kinase http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12203369
MAPK 2002 Novel protein kinase C isoforms and mitogen-activated kinase kinase mediate phorbol ester-induced osteopontin expression http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12009309
MAPK  1995 Forskolin inhibits protein kinase C-induced mitogen activated protein kinase activity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7588214 
MAPK  1996 Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in hepatocyte growth factor-stimulated rat hepatocytes: involvement of protein tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8621160 
MARC, (GAP)-43/B-50 1999 Differential changes in the phosphorylation of the protein kinase C substrates myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate and growth-associated protein-43/B-50 following Schaffer collateral long-term potentiation and long-term depression http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10537078 
MARCKS 1990 Activation of protein kinase C results in the displacement of its myristoylated, alanine-rich substrate from punctate structures in macrophage filopodia http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2212950 
MARCKS 1990 Protein kinase C and its 80-kilodalton substrate protein in neuroblastoma cell neurite outgrowth http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2293618 
MARCKS 1991 Phosphorylation of MARCKS (80-kDa) protein, a major substrate for protein kinase C in oligodendroglial progenitors http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1798060 
MARCKS 1991 Transformed 3T3 cells have reduced levels and altered subcellular distribution of the major PKC substrate protein MARCKS http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1838487 
MARCKS 1992 Phosphorylation of the MARCKS protein (P87), a major protein kinase C substrate, is not an obligatory step in the mitogenic signaling pathway of basic fibroblast growth factor in rat oligodendrocytes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1309563 
MARCKS 1992 Relationship between the major protein kinase C substrates acidic 80-kDa protein-kinase-C substrate (80K) and myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS). Members of a gene family or equivalent genes in different species http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1396720 
MARCKS 1992 The expression of 80K/MARCKS, a major substrate of protein kinase C (PKC), is down-regulated through both PKC-dependent and -independent pathways. Effects of bombesin, platelet-derived growth factor, and cAMP http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1378435 
MARCKS 1992 Thrombin and histamine rapidly stimulate the phosphorylation of the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: evidence for distinct patterns of protein kinase activation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1320036 
MARCKS 1992 Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b) induced phosphorylation of the myristoylated alanine rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein in ovarian granulosa cells is modulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1335598 
MARCKS 1993 A myristoylated pseudosubstrate peptide, a novel protein kinase C inhibitor http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8420972 
MARCKS 1993 Brain protein kinase C assay using MARCKS substrate reveals no translocation due to profound insulin-induced hypoglycemia http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8490715 
MARCKS 1993 Effects of insulin and phorbol esters on MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate) phosphorylation (and other parameters of protein kinase C activation) in rat adipocytes, rat soleus muscle and BC3H-1 myocytes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8216211 
MARCKS 1993 Enhancement by protein kinase C of prostacyclin receptor-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase through a calmodulin/myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) system in IC2 mast cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8380584 
MARCKS 1993 Expression of the major protein kinase C substrate, the acidic 80-kilodalton myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, increases sharply when Swiss 3T3 cells move out of cycle and enter G0 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8464911 
MARCKS 1993 Protein kinase C phosphorylates Ser152, Ser156 and Ser163 but not Ser160 of MARCKS in rat brain http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8422248 
MARCKS 1993 Whole-cell recording of neuroblastoma x glioma cells during downregulation of a major substrate, 80K/MARCKS, of protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8320719 
MARCKS 1994 Arginine vasopressin (AVP) causes the reversible phosphorylation of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein in the ovine anterior pituitary: evidence that MARCKS phosphorylation is associated with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9397959 
MARCKS 1994 Glutamate exocytosis and MARCKS phosphorylation are enhanced by a metabotropic glutamate receptor coupled to a protein kinase C synergistically activated by diacylglycerol and arachidonic acid http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7931282 
MARCKS 1994 Phorbol ester- and retinoic acid-induced regulation of the protein kinase C substrate MARCKS in immortalized hippocampal cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7931322 
MARCKS 1994 Protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation and calmodulin binding of recombinant myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) and MARCKS-related protein http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8132675 
MARCKS 1994 Specificity of the high affinity interaction of protein kinase C with a physiological substrate, myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7989336 
MARCKS 1995 The myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is not required for mitogenic signalling via protein kinase C in cultured rat intestinal epithelial (RIE-1) cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7549920 
MARCKS 1995 The myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is sequentially phosphorylated by conventional, novel and atypical isotypes of protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7588787 
MARCKS 1996 PRK1 phosphorylates MARCKS at the PKC sites: serine 152, serine 156 and serine 163 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8557118 
MARCKS 1996 Thrombin-induced phosphorylation of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8908202 
MARCKS 1997 Activation of protein kinase C-alpha and translocation of the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate correlate with phorbol ester-enhanced noradrenaline release from SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8978751 
MARCKS 1997 Expression and regulation of 80K/MARCKS, a major substrate of protein kinase C, in the developing rat heart http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9205551 
MARCKS 1997 The major myristoylated PKC substrate (MARCKS) is involved in cell spreading, tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin, and focal contact formation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9426227 
MARCKS 1998 Overexpression of myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate enhances activation of phospholipase D by protein kinase C in SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9601059 
MARCKS 1999 Expression of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) and MARCKS-related protein (MRP) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of suicide victims http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10073384 
MARCKS 1999 Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate is phosphorylated and translocated by a phorbol ester-insensitive and calcium-independent protein kinase C isoform in C6 glioma cell membranes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9990296 
MARCKS 1999 Phosphorylation of the myristoylated protein kinase C substrate MARCKS by the cyclin E-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 complex in vitro http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10359664 
MARCKS 2000 Importance of protein kinase C targeting for the phosphorylation of its substrate, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10840037
MARCKS 2000 Involvement of protein kinase C epsilon in thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated phosphorylation of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate in rat pituitary clonal cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10675027
MARCKS 2000 Involvement of the theta-type protein kinase C in translocation of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) during myogenesis of chick embryonic myoblasts http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10727412
MARCKS 2001 Microglial signaling by amyloid beta protein through mitogen-activated protein kinase mediating phosphorylation of MARCKS. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496150
MARCKS 2001 Prostaglandin F2alpha-activated protein kinase Calpha phosphorylates myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate protein in bovine luteal cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11887938
MARCKS 2003 Neuroanatomical development in the absence of PKC phosphorylation of the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12888215
MARCKS 2003 The 3'-UTR of the mRNA coding for the major protein kinase C substrate MARCKS contains a novel CU-rich element interacting with the mRNA stabilizing factors HuD and HuR http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12605686
MARCKS 2004 Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is involved in myoblast fusion through its regulation by protein kinase Calpha and calpain proteolytic cleavage http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15239673
MARCKS 2005 Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate-mediated neurotensin release via protein kinase C-delta downstream of the Rho/ROK pathway http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15623535
MARCKS  1996 Binding of myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate to phosphoinositides attenuates the phosphorylation by protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8611023 
MARCKS, B-50, dephosphin 1991 The role of protein kinase C and its neuronal substrates dephosphin, B-50, and MARCKS in neurotransmitter release http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1688057 
MARCKS, MLP, GAP-43, RC3 2000 Differential regulation of primary protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS, MLP, GAP-43, RC3) mRNAs in the hippocampus during kainic acid-induced seizures and synaptic reorganization http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11054811
MARCKS, MRP 1997 Calcium binding and conformational properties of calmodulin complexed with peptides derived from myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) and MARCKS-related protein (MRP) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9112755 
MARCKS, neuromodulin, and neurogranin 1995 Differential responses of protein kinase C substrates (MARCKS, neuromodulin, and neurogranin) phosphorylation to calmodulin and S100 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7840634 
MARCKS, neuromodulin, neurogranin 1998 Phosphorylation of protein kinase C substrate proteins in rat hippocampal slices--effect of calpain inhibition http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9949550 
MARCKS-PSD 2000 Characterization of a selective protein kinase C substrate derived from the MARCKS phosphorylation site domain for use in brain tissue homogenates http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10660461
MEK/ERK 1996 Protein kinase C activates the MEK-ERK pathway in a manner independent of Ras and dependent on Raf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8798560 
Mlgl 2003 A polarity complex of mPar-6 and atypical PKC binds, phosphorylates and regulates mammalian Lgl http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12629547
MPF [p34(cdc2) and cyclin B] 2004 Effects of protein kinase C on M-phase promoting factor in early development of fertilized mouse eggs http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15338468
myosin II-B 2008 Protein kinase C-dependent {alpha}-secretory processing of the amyloid precursor protein is mediated by phosphorylation of myosin II-B http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19103644
Na,K-ATPase (alpha 1 subunit) 1996 alpha 1 but not alpha 2 or alpha 3 isoforms of Na,K-ATPase are efficiently phosphorylated in a novel protein kinase C motif http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8916895 
Na,K-ATPase (alpha 1 subunit) 2000 Is phosphorylation of the alpha1 subunit at Ser-16 involved in the control of Na,K-ATPase activity by phorbol ester-activated protein kinase C? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10637289
NADPH oxidase 1993 Inhibition of neutrophil NADPH oxidase assembly by a myristoylated pseudosubstrate of protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8360154 
Nef 1995 The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein functions as a protein kinase C substrate in vitro http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9049329 
Neurogranin 1990 Neurogranin: immunocytochemical localization of a brain-specific protein kinase C substrate http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2269883 
Neurogranin 1991 A rapid purification method for neurogranin, a brain specific calmodulin-binding protein kinase C substrate http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2026258 
Neurogranin 1993 Characterization of a 7.5-kDa protein kinase C substrate (RC3 protein, neurogranin) from rat brain http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8080473 
Neurogranin 1993 Functional consequences of expression of the neuron-specific, protein kinase C substrate RC3 (neurogranin) in Xenopus oocytes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8293295 
Neurogranin 1993 Mechanism of protein kinase C activation during the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation probed using a selective peptide substrate http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8378303 
Neurogranin 1993 Studies with synthetic peptide substrates derived from the neuronal protein neurogranin reveal structural determinants of potency and selectivity for protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8424932 
Neurogranin 1995 Antibodies to postsynaptic PKC substrate neurogranin prevent long-term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 neurons http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7620629 
Neurogranin 1995 Structure and regulation of the gene encoding the neuron-specific protein kinase C substrate neurogranin (RC3 protein) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7730337 
Neurogranin 1997 Enhanced phosphorylation of the postsynaptic protein kinase C substrate RC3/neurogranin during long-term potentiation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9138717 
Neurogranin 2003 Structural and dynamic characterization of a neuron-specific protein kinase C substrate, neurogranin http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12718558
Neurogranin 2009 Electroconvulsive seizure increases phosphorylation of PKC substrates, including GAP-43, MARCKS, and neurogranin, in rat brain. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19837121
Neurogranin, neuromodulin 1993 Use of the synthetic peptide neurogranin(28-43) as a selective protein kinase C substrate in assays of tissue homogenates http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8122777 
Neurogranin, neuromodulin, MARCKS 1995 Dephosphorylation of protein kinase C substrates, neurogranin, neuromodulin, and MARCKS, by calcineurin and protein phosphatases 1 and 2A http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7864622 
Neuromodulin 1990 Neuron-specific protein F1/GAP-43 shows substrate specificity for the beta subtype of protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2145833 
Neuromodulin 1991 Microencephaly reduces the phosphorylation of the PKC substrate B-50/GAP43 in rat cortex and hippocampus http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1826859 
Neuromodulin 1991 The interactions of the brain-specific calmodulin-binding protein kinase C substrate, neuromodulin (GAP 43), with membrane phospholipids http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1826685 
Neuromodulin 1993 Evidence for a role of protein kinase C substrate B-50 (GAP-43) in Ca(2+)-induced neuropeptide cholecystokinin-8 release from permeated synaptosomes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8336144 
Neuromodulin 1994 Presynaptic PKC substrate B-50 (GAP-43) and neurotransmitter release: studies with permeated synaptosomes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7916446 
Neuromodulin 1995 Changes in protein kinase C and its presynaptic substrate B-50/GAP-43 after intrauterine exposure to methylazoxy-methanol, a treatment inducing cortical and hippocampal damage and cognitive deficit in rats http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7613626 
Neuromodulin 1999 1,2-dioctanoyl-s,n-glycerol-induced activation of protein kinase C results in striking, but reversible growth cone shape changes and an accumulation of f-actin and serine 41-phosphorylated GAP-43 in the axonal process http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10569242 
Neuromodulin 1999 The protein kinase C (PKC) substrate GAP-43 is already expressed in neural precursor cells, colocalizes with PKCeta and binds calmodulin http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10051751 
NFAT 2002 Protein kinase Czeta phosphorylates nuclear factor of activated T cells and regulates its transactivating activity http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12021260
NG(28-43) 1997 Conformation of a protein kinase C substrate NG(28-43), and its analog in aqueous and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelle solutions http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9017186 
NMDA receptor 1994 Protein kinase C transiently activated heteromeric N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels independent of the phosphorylatable C-terminal splice domain and of consensus phosphorylation sites http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7510681 
NMDA receptor 1997 Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C phosphorylate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors at different sites http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9115280 
Nonmuscle myosin-II heavy chain  2001 Protein kinase C phosphorylates nonmuscle myosin-II heavy chain from Drosophila but regulation of myosin function by this enzyme is not required for viability in flies.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11297427
Nucleolin 1997 Nucleolin is a protein kinase C-zeta substrate. Connection between cell surface signaling and nucleus in PC12 cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9388266 
occludin 2009 PKC eta regulates occludin phosphorylation and epithelial tight junction integrity http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19114660
P2 protamines 1994 P2 protamines are phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C, whereas P1 protamines prefer cAMP-dependent protein kinase. A comparative study of five mammalian species http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8033890 
p21ras proteins 1993 p21ras function is important for T cell antigen receptor and protein kinase C regulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8473736 
p21WAF-1 1997 Up-regulation of p21WAF1 expression in myeloid cells is activated by the protein kinase C pathway http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9413940 
p22(phox), NADPH oxidase  1999 A phosphatidic acid-activated protein kinase and conventional protein kinase C isoforms phosphorylate p22(phox), an NADPH oxidase component http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10593961 
p42 MAPK  1992 Selective activation of p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in murine B lymphoma cell lines by membrane immunoglobulin cross-linking. Evidence for protein kinase C-independent and -dependent mechanisms of activation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1384467 
p47(phox) 2004 Superoxide production at phagosomal cup/phagosome through beta I protein kinase C during Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis in microglia http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15383592
p47phox 2004 Protein kinase C delta is required for p47phox phosphorylation and translocation in activated human monocytes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15494525
p47phox  2001 Protein kinase C zeta phosphorylates a subset of selective sites of the NADPH oxidase component p47phox and participates in formyl peptide-mediated neutrophil respiratory burst. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11145703
p50 LSP1 1995 Protein kinase C phosphorylates p50 LSP1 and induces translocation of p50 LSP1 in T lymphocytes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7775393 
p53  1996 Murine p53 is phosphorylated within the PAb421 epitope by protein kinase C in vitro, but not in vivo, even after stimulation with the phorbol ester o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8700548 
p57 MAP kinase 1996 Protein kinase C beta 1 and protein kinase C beta 2 activate p57 mitogen-activated protein kinase and block differentiation in colon carcinoma cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8732668 
p60TNFR 2000 Serine phosphorylation of p60 tumor necrosis factor receptor by PKC-delta in TNF-alpha-activated neutrophils http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11078718
PAR-1 2004 Atypical PKC phosphorylates PAR-1 kinases to regulate localization and activity http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15084291
PB1-F2 2009 Phosphorylation of the influenza A virus protein PB1-F2 by PKC is crucial for apoptosis promoting functions in monocytes. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19523156
PEA-15 1993 Characterization of PEA-15, a major substrate for protein kinase C in astrocytes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8449955 
P-glycoprotein 1990 Protein kinase C phosphorylates P-glycoprotein in multidrug resistant human KB carcinoma cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1970571 
P-glycoprotein 1996 Partial reversal of multidrug resistance in human breast cancer cells by an N-myristoylated protein kinase C-alpha pseudosubstrate peptide http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8567666 
P-glycoprotein 1997 An N-myristoylated protein kinase C-alpha pseudosubstrate peptide that functions as a multidrug resistance reversal agent in human breast cancer cells is not a P-glycoprotein substrate http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9272125 
P-glycoprotein  1994 Regulation of volume activated chloride channels by protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of P-glycoprotein http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7752561 
P-glycoprotein  1995 Protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of the human multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein regulates cell volume-activated chloride channels http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7828597 
Phospholipase D 1992 Calcium rather than protein kinase C is the major factor to activate phospholipase D in FMLP-stimulated rabbit peritoneal neutrophils. Possible involvement of calmodulin/myosin L chain kinase pathway http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1624805 
Phospholipase D 1995 Genistein inhibits potentiation by wortmannin of protein kinase C-activated phospholipase D in osteoblast-like cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7662510 
Phospholipase D 1995 Regulation of phospholipase D by protein kinase C in human neutrophils. Conventional isoforms of protein kinase C phosphorylate a phospholipase D-related component in the plasma membrane http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7642630 
Phospholipase D 2004 Isoenzyme-specific translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)betaII and not PKCbetaI to a juxtanuclear subset of recycling endosomes: involvement of phospholipase D http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15067001
Phospholipase D1 1999 Phospholipase D1 is located and activated by protein kinase C alpha in the plasma membrane in 3Y1 fibroblast cell http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9989263 
Phospholipase D1 2000 Phospholipase D1 is phosphorylated and activated by protein kinase C in caveolin-enriched microdomains within the plasma membrane http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10788479
Phospholipase D1  2002 Phospholipase D1 is threonine-phosphorylated in human-airway epithelial cells stimulated by sphingosine-1-phosphate by a mechanism involving Src tyrosine kinase and protein kinase Cdelta http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12014986
Phospholipase D1  2004 Protein kinase Calpha translocates to the perinuclear region to activate phospholipase D1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15187091
PICK1 1995 PICK1: a perinuclear binding protein and substrate for protein kinase C isolated by the yeast two-hybrid system http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7844141 
PKD  2003 Protein kinase C phosphorylates protein kinase D activation loop Ser744 and Ser748 and releases autoinhibition by the pleckstrin homology domain http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12407104
PKD1 2005 Dual phospholipase C/diacylglycerol requirement for protein kinase D1 activation in lymphocytes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15590638
Pleckstrin 1989 Molecular analysis of pleckstrin: the major protein kinase C substrate of platelets http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2768345 
Pleckstrin 1999 Expression of the protein kinase C substrate pleckstrin in macrophages: association with phagosomal membranes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477609 
Pleckstrin 2004 Association of CBFA2 mutation with decreased platelet PKC-theta and impaired receptor-mediated activation of GPIIb-IIIa and pleckstrin phosphorylation: proteins regulated by CBFA2 play a role in GPIIb-IIIa activation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14525764
PPARalpha 2001 The transcription of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene is regulated by protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701232
PPARalpha 2004 The protein kinase C signaling pathway regulates a molecular switch between transactivation and transrepression activity of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131257
PRKX 2002 PRKX, a phylogenetically and functionally distinct cAMP-dependent protein kinase, activates renal epithelial cell migration and morphogenesis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12082174
Proinsulin C-peptide 2001  Proinsulin C-peptide rapidly stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinases in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts: requirement of protein kinase C, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11256956
PU.1 2004 IFN-gamma induces gp91phox expression in human monocytes via protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of PU.1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15067074
pVHL 2001 The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein mediates ubiquitination of activated atypical protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11574546
Pyk2 1998 Differential stimulation of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase by sphingosine 1-phosphate http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9826186 
Rab6C 1999 Rab6 is phosphorylated in thrombin-activated platelets by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism: effects on GTP/GDP binding and cellular distribution http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10455022 
RACK1 2000 The influenza A virus M1 protein interacts with the cellular receptor of activated C kinase (RACK) 1 and can be phosphorylated by protein kinase C http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10799781
RACK1  2001 Increased association of brain protein kinase C with the receptor for activated C kinase-1 (RACK1) in bipolar affective disorder. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11543740
RACKs  2002 RACK1: a novel substrate for the Src protein-tyrosine kinase http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12400005
Raf-1 1993 Protein kinase C alpha activates RAF-1 by direct phosphorylation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8321321 
Raf-1 1994 Protein kinase C-mediated serine phosphorylation directly activates Raf-1 in murine hematopoietic cells